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Anderson, Alexander Caulfield (1814-1884)
A fur-trader with the Hudson's Bay Company from 1832 to 1858. In 1858 he was appointed
first collector of customs.
Macmillan Dictionary of Canadian Biography. 4th ed. Toronto: Macmillan of Canada, 1978, pg. 15.
Blanchard, Richard A. (1817?-1894)
The governor of Vancouver Island from 1859 to 1851.
Macmillan Dictionary of Canadian Biography. 4th ed. Toronto: Macmillan of Canada, 1978, pg. 73.
Carrier Indians
The Carrier Indians inhabited the land just a few miles east of what is now know as Vanderhoof at the junction of the Nechako and Stuart Rivers.
Vanderhoof. August 1997. Bell's Alaska Travel Guide. 16 August 1997. [http://www.alaskaone.com/vanderhoof/bells.htm].
Conolly, William (1787?-1849)
A fur trader born at Lachine, near Montreal. He was promoted to Chief Factor in the Hudson's Bay Company in 1825.
Macmillan Dictionary of Canadian Biography. 4th ed.. Toronto: Macmillan of Canada, 1978, pg. 172.
Cowichan
"The Cowichan tribes, a member of the Coast Salish
family, consists of 6 communities situated in their traditional
locations in the Cowichan Valley, on south-central Vancouver
Island, near the city of Duncan".
Quw'utsun Syuw'entst: Cowichan Teachings. July 1999. Cowichan Tribes Cultural and Education Centre. 08 July 1999. [http://www.rescol.ca/aboriginal/cowichan/index-e.html]
Douglas, Sir James (1803-1877)
Sir James Douglas is a historical figure noted for making fourteen treaties with the Native Peoples of BC on Vancouver Island in the early 1850's. Douglas entered into the employ of Hudson's Bay Company in 1821; he was the governor of Vancouver Island from 1851 to 1863 and the governor of BC from 1858 to 1864.
Macmillan Dictionary of Canadian Biography. 4th ed.. Toronto: Macmillan of Canada, 1978, pg. 220.
Douglas Treaties
More information on the Douglas Treaties is available at:
The Ministry of Aboriginal Affairs: "Douglas Treaties - 1850-1854".
Dufferin, Lord
"In 1872 he was appointed governor-general of Canada. In 1876 he visited BC, and by his able diplomacy succeeded in allaying in that province the growing discontent with confederation."
Macmillan Dictionary of Canadian Biography. 4th ed.. Toronto: Macmillan of Canada, 1978, pg. 228.
Duncan, William (1832-1918)
"A missionary who founded a mission in 1862 for the Tsimshian Indians at Metlakahtlas near Fort Simpson".
Macmillan Dictionary of Canadian Biography. 4th ed.. Toronto: Macmillan of Canada, 1978, pg. 231.
Fort St. James
"Originally the North West Company Fort at the east end of Stuart Lake, BC this fort was built by John Stuart and Simon Fraser in 1806. It became a Hudson's Bay Company Fort in 1821 with the unification of the two companies".
Voorhis, Ernest. Historic Forts & Trading Posts of the French Regime and of the English Fur Trading Companies. Ottawa: Department of the Interior, 1930, pg. 154.
Fort Langley
A Hudson's Bay Company fort near the mouth of the Fraser River, BC built in 1827.
Voorhis, Ernest. Historic Forts & Trading Posts of the French Regime and of the English Fur Trading Companies. Ottawa: Department of the Interior, 1930, pg. 99.
Fort Vancouver
A fort built in 1825 by Dr. John McLoughlin.
Voorhis, Ernest. Historic Forts & Trading Posts of the French Regime and of the English Fur Trading Companies. Ottawa: Department of the Interior, 1930, pg. 174.
Fort Victoria
A Hudson's Bay Company fort on Vancouver Island built by Sir James Douglas in 1843 under the direction of McLoughlin. In 1849 it became the headquarters of the Western Department.
Voorhis, Ernest. Historic Forts & Trading Posts of the French Regime and of the English Fur Trading Companies. Ottawa: Department of the Interior, 1930, pg. 175.
Hudson's Bay Company
The Hudson's Bay Company was incorporated by royal charter on 2 May 1670. In the beginning the company owned Fort Charles and between 1670 and 1685 built four other posts on Hudson and James Bays. The company engaged in a struggle with the French for control of the fur trade that ended in 1713 when the French gave up.
Oxford Companion to Canadian History and Literature. Toronto: Oxford University P., 1967, pg. 368.
McLoughlin, John (1784-1857)
A fur trader who became an employee of the Northwest Company in 1806. He joined with The Hudson's Bay Company in 1821 when they united with the Northwest Company. McLoughlin was also responsible for the building of Fort Vancouver.
Macmillan Dictionary of Canadian Biography. 4th ed.. Toronto: Macmillan of Canada, 1978, pg. 538.
Musgrave, Sir Anthony (1828-1888)
" The governor of BC from 1869 to 1871. He was appointed governor to expedite the entrance of BC into confederation".
Macmillan Dictionary of Canadian Biography. 4th ed.. Toronto: Macmillan of Canada, 1978, pg. 609.
Moody, Richard Clement (1813-1837)
An engineer who was sent to BC as commissioner of lands and public works and remained in BC until 1863.
Macmillan Dictionary of Canadian Biography. 4th ed.. Toronto: Macmillan of Canada, 1978, pg. 590.
Nisqually Indians
"The Nisqually Indians roamed the interior woodlands and coastal waters from Mt. Rainier to Puget Sound. Their lifestyle and ceremonies revolved around different species of salmon and the red cedar. In 1853 Governor Isaac Stevens abolished Indian land rights leaving only the designated reservation land which was collectively owned by extended families".
Nisqually Tribe Profile. June 1999. Northwest Tribal Recruitment Project. 23 June 1999. [http://www.teleport.com/~npaihb/profiles/nisquall.html].
North Coast Indians
More information on the People
of the Northwest Coast is available at: The BC Archive Time Machine - People of the Northwest Coast Gallery.
North West Company
An association of partnerships and individual fur-traders, it was formed to eliminate competition in the western fur trade. The North West Company originated in Saskatoon by agreement in 1770. It united with Hudson's Bay Company in 1821.
Oxford Companion to Canadian History and Literature. Toronto: Oxford University Press, 1967, pg. 557.
Ormsby, Dr. Margaret (1909-1996)
A noted BC historian and author of British Columbia: A History commissioned in 1958 for the Province's Centennial.
Barman, Jean. "Doyenne of BC history" UBC Reports 12 (19): 1996.
Available at: [http://publicaffairs.ubc.ca/reports/no14/no14mem.html].
Oregon Boundary Treaty
A copy of the Treaty with Great Britain ceding Oregon Country in 1846 is available at:
http://members.stratos.net/cpetras/np-5-1.htm.
Puget Sound Agricultural Society
The Puget Sound Agricultural Society was a subsidiary of Hudson's Bay Company. The society was founded 1839 to develop the agriculture potentialities of Columbia River ports and farms on Vancouver Island from 1850 to 1853.
Oxford Companion to Canadian History and Literature. Toronto: Oxford University P., 1967, pg. 369.
Red River Settlement
"... pioneer colony, largely in Manitoba, Canada,
founded by the Hudson's Bay Company and
settled (1812-15) by impoverished Scottish and Irish
immigrants. Fur traders and métis (half-breeds), goaded
by the rival North West Company, opposed the
colony violently; 22 persons were killed in the 1816
massacre of Seven Oaks. The violence ended (1821) with
union of the two companies, and the Red River
settlements flourished".
The Concise Columbia Electronic Encyclopaedia, Third Edition. 1994. Columbia University Press. 12 July 1999. [http://encyclopedia.com/articles/10846.html].
Rupert's Land
"In 1670 the lands lying on Hudson Strait and watered by rivers flowing into Hudson Bay were granted to Hudson's Bay Company and named in honour of Prince Rupert, first governor of the Company...Rupert's Land was sold to Canada in 1869."
Oxford Companion to Canadian History and Literature. Toronto: OUP, 1967, pg. 733.
Sage, Walter Noble (1888-1963)
A noted scholar of BC history and author of Sir James Douglas and British Columbia (Toronto, 1930).
Macmillan Dictionary of Canadian Biography. 4th ed.. Toronto: Macmillan of Canada, 1978, pg. 739.
Simpson, Sir George (1787?-1860)
In 1820 he began service with the Hudson's Bay Company and was very influential in bringing about the union of the Hudson's Bay and Northwest companies in 1821.
Macmillan Dictionary of Canadian Biography. 4th ed.. Toronto: Macmillan of Canada, 1978, pg. 772.
Trutch, Sir Joseph William (1826-1904)
The Lieutenant-governor of BC from 1871 to 1876. In 1854, he was appointed commissioner of lands and works.
Macmillan Dictionary of Canadian Biography. 4th ed.. Toronto: Macmillan of Canada, 1978, pg. 840.
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