Citing Your Sources

APA Style			See also:
MLA Style			Avoiding plagiarism
College Style Sheet			Help with annotated bibliographies
ASA Style			Citation Builders
AAA Style			Evaluating Web Resources (pdf)
Chicago Style			Citing Canadian government documents
			Other Web Guides

Citing includes these components:

• In-Text References: used to identify the source of your information within the text of the paper. The titles indicated in your in-text references must be fully documented on your References, Works Cited, Footnotes, or Endnotes.
  
  
• References, Works Cited or Bibliography page: a list of all the works you have consulted, including sources accessed from the Internet.

If you are not sure which style to use, consult your instructor.

APA Style (American Psychological Association)

APA style is primarily used in the social sciences (psychology, sociology, etc.). It is also the required style for Langara nursing students.

APA Style: For More Information....

• Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association
  The official guide to the APA citation style, available in Langara Library in the Reference Area
• REF BF 76.7 P83 2001 - 5th edition
• REF BF 76.7 P83 2010 - 6th edition
  
  
  
• Social Sciences: Documenting Sources in APA Style (2010, 6th edition)
  Guidelines on documenting sources with the APA citation style, 6th ed. Provides examples of in-text references, reference list, and a sample paper documented in APA style. Part of the Research and Documentation Online web site.
  
  
• How to Find DOIs in PsycINFO
  A helpful video created by the American Psychological Association.

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MLA Style (Modern Languages Association), 2009 - 7th ed.

Mostly used in the humanities, in disciplines such as English literature and art history.

Start here:

Citing Your Sources: MLA Style (pdf)
Guide from Langara Library which includes Works Cited and In-Text References.

MLA Style: For More Information....

• MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers
  The official guide to the MLA citation style. Two copies are available in the Langara Library (Call Number: PE 1478 M57 2009); one copy on reserve for short-term loans, and one copy at the Reference Desk.
  
  
• Humanities: Documenting Sources in MLA Style
  Guidelines on documenting sources with the MLA citation style, 7th ed. Provides examples of in-text references, works cited, and a sample paper documented in MLA style. Part of the Research and Documentation Online web site.
  
  
• Frequently Asked Questions about the MLA Handbook
  Questions and answers from the Modern Languages Association website.

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College Style Sheet, 2005 - 6th ed.

Based on MLA (6th edition, 2003) and widely adopted for use in many Langara Courses.

In-Text References -- Works Cited -- For more information....

College Style Sheet: In-Text References

With one author - example

According to a study by Levine (23).....
A recent study indicates that .....(Levine 23).

With two authors - example

According to a study by Brehm and Steffen (109).....
A recent study indicates that .....(Brehm and Steffen 109).

Citing a specific part of a web document - example
Use page numbers if specifically provided by the document. Do not use the page numbers on your printout as this pagination varies dependent on settings such as font size. Use paragraph or section number if no page number is available.

According to McClean (pars. 3 -5).....
A recent study cites that.....(Chan par. 8)
[par. is the abbreviation for paragraph]

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College Style Sheet: Works Cited

Book - example

Levine, Michael P. Student Eating Disorders: Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia. Washington, D.C.: National Education Association, 1987.

Article reprinted in a reference work - example

Arner, Robert D. "Chopin's Desiree's Baby." Mississippi Review XXV.2 (Spring 1972): 131-140. Excpt. and rpt. in Short Story Criticism. Ed. Thomas Votteler. Vol. 8. Detroit: Gale, 1991. 73-77.

Introduction part in a reference work - example

"Kate Chopin." Introduction. Short Story Criticism. Ed. Thomas Votteler. Vol. 8. Detroit: Gale, 1991. 73-74.

Article in a journal - example

Brehm, Bonnie J., and John J. Steffen. "Relation between Obligatory Exercise and Eating Disorders." American Journal of Health Behavior, 22.2 (1998): 108-119.

Article in a weekly or monthly magazine - example

Springen, Karen. "Be Good to your Bones." Newsweek, 10 Dec. 2007: 62.

Electronic documents - examples:

Article from an online database (ABI/Inform, Academic Search Premier, etc)

Author(s). Title of article. Journal title, volume and issue number (if given), date, page numbers. Online. Name of article index or database. Name of subscription service (if given). Name and location of the library where you retrieved the article. Date retrieved.

Some databases give page numbers as they appear in the original print version of an article. In the example below, only the number of the first page (316) and the total number of pages (13) were given.

Kerwin, Mary Louise E., and Robert I. Berkowitz. "Feeding and Eating Disorders: Ingestive Problems of Infancy, Childhood, and Adolescence." School Psychology Review, 25.3(1996): 316. 13pp. Online. Academic Search Premier. EBSCOhost. Langara Coll. Lib., Vancouver. 10 Aug. 2000.

Use the drop-down menu below to see a list of databases which are accessed through a subscription service:

ABI/Inform Global -- ProQuest Academic Search Premier -- EBSCOhost Alt HealthWatch -- EBSCOhost CBCA Reference -- ProQuest Canadian Newsstand -- ProQuest Contemporary Authors -- Gale Group Databases Contemporary Literary Criticism Select -- Gale Group Databases Dictionary of Literary Biography -- Gale Group Databases Health Source: Nursing/Academic Edition -- EBSCOhost Health Source - Consumer Edition -- EBSCOhost Hoover's Company Capsules & Profiles -- ProQuest MAS Ultra - School Edition -- EBSCOhost

Article from an online reference work (Access Science, Gale Literary Databases, etc.)

"Saul Bellow." Contemporary Authors. 1999. Online. Gale Group Databases. Langara College Lib., Vancouver, BC. 10 Apr. 2002.

Web site

Modern American Poetry. Ed. Cary Nelson. 1999. University of Illinois. 16 Feb. 2001 <http://www.english.uiuc.edu/maps/>.

Specific Web document

Tyner, Ross. Sink or Swim: Internet Search Tools and Techniques. Vers. 5.0. June 2001. Okanagan University College. 2 Feb. 2000 <http://www.ouc.bc.ca/libr/connect96/search.htm>.

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College Style Sheet: For More Information...

• College Style Sheet
  Modeled on the MLA style, this guide is published by Langara College and widely used within the College. Many copies are available for borrowing in the Library (Call Number: LB 2369 L36 2005).

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ASA Style (American Sociological Association), 2007 - 3rd ed.

• ASA Style - American Sociological Association Documentation Style (pdf - get Adobe Reader)
  Online guide prepared by the library at California State University, Los Angeles.
  
  
• American Sociological Association Style Guide, 3d ed.
  Print copy of the 108 page manual from the ASA, available at the Reference Desk in the library.
  

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AAA Style (American Anthropological Association), 2009

• AAA Style Guide
  The online version of the 2009 revision. There is also a print copy of the manual available in the library at the Reference Desk: GN 12 S89 2009.

Chicago Style

• Langara School of Management
• Langara Department of History/Latin/Political Science

Consult your instructor about whether to provide Footnotes or Endnotes.

• Citing Your Sources Chicago Style for Langara School of Management
  Based on 15th edition.
  
  
• Guidelines for Academic Essays: Department of History/Latin/Political Science (pdf file)
  Available online. Includes footnote, endnote and citation examples based on the 14th edition of the Chicago Manual of Style. Print copies are also available in the reserve area of the library (call number PE 1471 G85 2003).
  
  
• Research and Documentation Online: Chicago
  Provides extensive examples and current guidelines for documenting print and electronic sources in the Chicago style, 16th edition. Based on the print version of Research and Documentation in the Electronic Age by Diana Hacker.
  
  
• Chicago Manual of Style, 15th and 16th editions
  Print copy of the manual from the University of Chicago Press.
  16th edition Z 253 U69 2010 - Reference Desk only
  15th edition Z 253 U69 2003 - Multiple copies - Reference Desk, Reserve, and 3d floor
  
  

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Citation Builders

A citation builder is an online tool that helps you build your bibliography or works cited list. It provides a form you fill in that then generates a citation (or a list of citations). However, citation builders don't do everything for you:

• they may not capitalize
• they won't correct your spelling mistakes
• they only cover a limited range of publication types
• the citations created may not have hanging indents

Also, citation builders may not be as authoritative (i.e. trustworthy) as the latest version of the relevant style manual. With those caveats in mind, here are some helpful programs:

• Bibliography Builder
  Covers the Chicago and IEEE styles. From the Engineering Communication Centre at the University of Toronto.
  
  
• Citation Machine
  Creates citations for both APA and MLA-style Works Cited lists. Covers a range of print and electronic source documents (book by a single author, web page, newspaper article, etc.), but does NOT provide citations for articles from online periodical databases like EBSCO Academic Search Premier.
  
  
• EasyBib
  The free version helps create citations for MLA-style Works Cited lists (but NOT APA style). Covers 30 different types of source documents and includes an option to create an annotated list.


• NCSU Library's Citation Builder
  This citation builder illustrates differences among several major styles of citing information sources.
  

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Citing Canadian government documents

• Brief Guide to Citing Canadian Government Documents
  From Queen's University
  
  
• Canadian Government Publications: A Citation Guide (pdf - get Adobe Reader)
  A comprehensive guide from McGill University
  
  
• How to Cite Statistics Canada Products
  Provides numerous examples and a three-step guide to building citations for sources from Statistics Canada. Also provides guidelines for citing any data sources such as data files, tables, maps, and databases.
  
  
• Legal Citation
  This page, from the William R. Lederman Law Library at Queen's University, is an introduction to legal citation, giving explanations and examples for citing cases, statutes, and regulations. It is based on The Canadian Guide to Uniform Legal Citation, 5th ed., (Toronto: Carswell, 2002), a.k.a the "McGill Guide".
  

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Help with Annotated Bibliographies

• How to Prepare an Annotated Bibliography
  Provides examples and a suggested writing process. From Cornell University Library.
  
  
• Writing an Annotated Bibliography
  Provides numerous tips on selecting sources and writing annotations. From the University of Toronto.

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Other Web Guides

• Research and Documentation Online
  Online version of Research and Documentation in the Electronic Age, 3d edition, by Diana Hacker. Provides extensive examples and current guidelines for documenting print and electronic sources in APA, MLA, Chicago, and CBE styles.
  A print copy is also available at the reference desk in the library.
  
  
• Sources
  This guide for undergraduates discusses why acknowledging sources is important, and gives examples of how and when to cite print and electronic sources, using both the MLA and APA styles.